Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson 1. Introduction Horizontal cells are the interneurons of distal vertebrate retina. They provide the pathways for both local and long range interactions between photoreceptors. These interactions are called feedback signals. Feedback signals adjust the gain of photoreceptor synaptic output, both as seen in the horizontal cells themselves …
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Helga Kolb Two or three types of cone photoreceptor and a single type of rod photoreceptor are present in the normal mammalian retina. Some non-mammalian retinas have even more cone types (see later). 1. Light microscopy and ultrastructure of rods and cones. In vertical sections of retina prepared for light microscopy with …
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Olaf Strauss 1. Introduction. The simplest light detecting organs are composed of two cell types: the light sensitive photoreceptor cell and the pigmented cell. Both cell types appear in conjunction in every eye of the animal kingdom from insects, mollusca to higher vertebrates [1]. Interactions between both the pigmented cells and the photoreceptor cells are …
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